Biology 9700/02 May June 2009 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Electron microscope visualization of ciliated cells and organelle-specific functions, including nuclear envelope and mitochondria structures.
2. Structural similarities between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and animal cells, focusing on cellular organization and membrane-bound features.
3. Transmission routes and epidemiological data analysis of tuberculosis and the calculation of fatality ratios in affected regions.
4. Ecological terms such as ecosystem, community, habitat, niche, and trophic levels, with examples from the sloth’s role in forest ecosystems.
5. Adaptations in flatworms for survival without a transport system, relying on diffusion for respiratory gas exchange.
6. Sodium ion regulation in flatworms and the biological significance of sodium in cellular processes.
7. Protein production pathways, from DNA transcription to enzyme synthesis, including catalase structure comparisons with hemoglobin.
8. Detection methods for enzymatic reactions, including substrate disappearance and product formation assays.
9. Water potential-driven movement in plant tissues and structural adaptations in xylem for efficient water transport.
10. Mechanistic insights into cancer development due to smoking and its epidemiological trends over decades.