Biology 9700/52 Oct Nov 2010 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Adaptations in shaded vs. exposed plant leaves: differences in internode length, surface area, mass, and water loss rate analyzed through statistical tools like the t-test.

2. Experimental setup for measuring leaf adaptations: transverse sections, cuticle thickness, and chloroplast distribution compared for functional efficiency.

3. Investigation of heart rate in freshwater crustaceans: temperature-dependent changes, raw data converted to percentage change, and the validity of the hypothesis "heart rate doubles every 10°C."

4. Controlled variables in experiments, importance of sample size, and inaccuracies in measuring heartbeats using manual methods.

5. Critical analysis of experimental results with hypotheses evaluation, emphasizing adaptations in photosynthesis and physiological processes in aquatic organisms.