Biology 9700/22 May June 2014 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Analyzing energy flow in ecosystems, identifying processes such as photosynthesis and decomposition, and linking energy transfer to soil nutrient cycling.

2. Identifying cellular organelles in spinach leaf cells, contrasting plant and animal cell structures, and explaining pathways for water transport to leaf cells.

3. Examining gas exchange adaptations, effects of altitude on oxygen availability, and physiological responses to hypoxia, including altered plasma volume and heart rate.

4. Exploring infectious disease characteristics, focusing on pathogen transmission modes, and the impact of reduced helper T-cell counts on immune response in HIV.

5. Investigating antibody structure and enzyme papain cleavage, comparing hydrophilic and hydrophobic adaptations for antibody secretion and membrane anchoring.

6. Explaining the necessity of transport systems in multicellular organisms, detailing the cardiac cycle in mammals, and elucidating phloem translocation mechanisms in plants.