Cambridge Progression Test Stage 9 Science 2022 Paper 2

1. Biology: human excretory system (kidney, ureter, bladder), dialysis process using a partially permeable membrane, perspiration and thermal regulation, fetal development impact from smoking, inheritance (chromosome count, sperm cell, population definition).
2. Chemistry: bonding types (ionic in NaCl), sodium ion formation, giant structures and melting point, reactivity and periodic trends in Group 1 elements, particle model in rate of reaction, density-based flotation, calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid reaction.
3. Physics: sound wave properties (amplitude, frequency, superposition: constructive and destructive interference), current and voltage measurement (ammeter/voltmeter), circuit behavior (point A current analysis), energy transfer in temperature regulation.
4. Earth and space science: tectonic plates (crust, floating on mantle due to density), model representation with biscuits/oil, earthquake location as tectonic evidence, mass extinction by volcanic eruptions.
5. Scientific methods: anomaly identification in graphs, improving reliability (sample size), safety precautions during chemical experiments, hypothesis design for floating objects, structured investigations using material density.
6. Data interpretation and graphing: CO₂ graph from fetal mass data, voltage-current relationship, circuit diagram completion, drawing conclusions from waveforms and oscilloscope data.