Cambridge Progression Test Stage 9 Science 2020 Paper 2

1. Biology: water absorption via osmosis, xylem for transport, stomata for transpiration, transpiration rate affected by temperature, fertilisation (chromosome merging), genetic variation within species, sex determination (sperm chromosomes).
2. Chemistry: covalent bonding in H₂O, oxygen’s Periodic Table group (Group 6), density calculations and gas identification, reaction rate and surface area effects, gas collection methods, chemical reaction safety (e.g. goggles).
3. Physics: sound wave interference (constructive/destructive), current measurement in circuits, resistance calculation (V=IR), anomalous data identification, predicting current distribution in parallel branches.
4. Earth and environmental science: carbon cycle (photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, decay), renewable energy impact on CO₂ levels, climate change evidence (e.g. global temperature rise), effects (ice melting, ecosystem shifts).
5. Energy and matter: conduction in solids, convection in fluids, radiation, insulation materials, conductors and insulators, thermal energy properties in metals vs non-metals.
6. Experimental methods: identifying variables, controlling conditions (e.g. transpiration experiment), drawing apparatus (e.g. gas collection), improving reliability, recognizing anomalous results, risk assessment in lab settings.