Biology (0610) Organisation of the Organism Revision Note

This document provides a complete overview of the organisation of organisms for CAIE IGCSE Biology. It begins with cell structure, describing the key components of eukaryotic cells such as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. Plant cells are highlighted with additional features like vacuoles, cell walls, and chloroplasts, while prokaryotic cells are explained as lacking a true nucleus and mitochondria, instead containing circular DNA and plasmids. The guide introduces the levels of organisation: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism. It also covers specialised cells including ciliated cells, root hair cells, palisade mesophyll, neurones, red blood cells, and gametes, explaining their structures and specific functions. Additionally, the document details magnification concepts, providing formulas for calculating actual size, image size, and magnification, along with essential unit conversions between millimetres and micrometres. With clear explanations and examples, this resource equips students with the foundational knowledge required to identify cell structures, understand biological organisation, and apply magnification formulas in exams.