Biology 9700/41 Oct Nov 2019 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Regulation and release of ADH in response to changes in the internal environment, its role in kidney function, and the action of phosphorylase on aquaporins.

2. Evolutionary adaptations in stickleback fish, including natural selection mechanisms influencing armor plating morphs.

3. Applications of recombinant DNA technology in producing therapeutic proteins like insulin and calcitonin, with bioinformatics aiding in identifying biologically active forms.

4. Role of meiosis in gametogenesis for humans and flowering plants, including genetic interactions affecting flower pigmentation.

5. Photosynthesis in marine autotrophs and the impact of carbon dioxide concentrations and ocean acidification on photosynthetic rates and polysaccharide production.

6. Laboratory evidence supporting speciation through hybridization in Heliconius butterflies, with ecological and post-zygotic isolating mechanisms.