Chemistry 9701/12 Oct Nov 2014 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Energy distribution in gases, including Boltzmann curves at varying temperatures, and identification of reaction energy profiles.
2. Identification of oxidizing or reducing behavior of hydrogen in reactions and calculation of enthalpy changes of combustion using standard formation values.
3. Experimental setup and calculations involving gas pressure, volume, and temperature changes, using gas laws to analyze system behavior.
4. Properties of hydrogen chloride compared to similar compounds, and interactions of aluminum carbide with sodium hydroxide to release hydrocarbons.
5. Examination of bond strengths and boiling points in alcohol isomers, including van der Waals forces and molecular surface area impacts.
6. Reaction pathways in electrophilic addition (e.g., propene with bromine), balanced equations for combustion of hydrocarbons, and mechanisms in nucleophilic substitution reactions.
7. Isomer analysis for alcohols and esters, including chiral centers and empirical formulas of hydrolysis products in natural compounds.
8. Transition states in chemical reactions and the role of catalysts in reducing activation energy for both forward and backward reactions in reversible processes.
9. Acid-base behavior in oxides and their reactions with dilute NaOH, and the chemical outcomes of desulfurization in SO₂ removal using calcium hydroxide.
10. Structural and spectroscopic properties of β-carotene, focusing on oxidation products with ketone functional groups.