Ancient History J198,01 June 2023 , OCR GCSE Past Papers with Mark Schemes

1. The Persian Empire, 559–465 BC | Cyrus′ building complex at Pasargadae, kings and queens fought by Cyrus, Xerxes’ invasion preparations, Darius’ power struggle and success over Cambyses, impact of Cyrus on the Persian Empire.

2. From Tyranny to Democracy, 546–483 BC | Duration of ostracism, reforms of Cleisthenes, Athenian navy expansion, Athenian pride in democracy, accuracy of Thucydides’ account, rule of Peisistratus, assassination of tyrants and its impact.

3. Athens in the Age of Pericles, 462–429 BC | Features of the Parthenon, class of Spartan slaves, Pericles’ accused friend, Delian League’s formation and function, significance of religion in Athens, role of women in Athenian society.

4. Alexander the Great, 356–323 BC | Alexander’s father, cities captured after sieges, Persian customs adopted by Alexander, character traits from the Gordian Knot incident, accuracy of Arrian’s account, differences between Granicus and Gaugamela.

5. Key Interpretations and Analysis | Influence of Cyrus on Persian strength, validity of Athenian democracy portrayal, significance of the Delian League, impact of Cleitus′ killing on Alexander′s legacy, the role of tyranny in Athens and Samos.

6. Extended Response Topics | Persian Empire’s strength due to Cyrus, democracy vs. tyranny, women’s roles in Athens, assassination of tyrants, Cleitus′ killing as a reflection of Alexander’s leadership.