Ancient History J198,12 November 2021 , OCR GCSE Past Papers with Mark Schemes

1. From Tyranny to Democracy (546–483 BC): The role of Athenian leaders in maintaining power, the impact of Sparta on Athenian democracy, Samian engineering achievements, and the reliability of Herodotus′ accounts.

2. Athens in the Age of Pericles (462–429 BC): The social role of Athenian women, the accuracy of Xenophon’s portrayal, the significance of festivals, and the causes of the Peloponnesian War.

3. Alexander the Great (356–323 BC): The influence of Alexander’s tutors, the significance of his soldiers′ mutiny at the Hyphasis River, changes in his military and political aims, and his relationship with the Companions.

4. Greek Military and Political Power: The effectiveness of Athenian democracy, the causes and consequences of Greek wars, and the military strategies of Alexander the Great.

5. Analysis of Ancient Sources: Examination of Herodotus, Xenophon, and visual sources like mosaics for accuracy, bias, and historical value.

6. Leadership and Influence: The role of political and military leaders in shaping democracy, warfare, and expansion in ancient Greece.