Ancient History J198,21 November 2021 , OCR GCSE Past Papers with Mark Schemes

1. Geographical and Strategic Foundations of Rome | Reasons for Rome’s location, Tullus Hostilius’ contributions to Rome’s strength, key battles fought against Tarquinius Superbus.

2. Reforms and Policies of Early Roman Kings | Numa’s impact on Rome’s development, religious and legal changes, role in establishing early Roman traditions.

3. Opposition to Appius and the Second Decemvirate | Public resistance to tyranny, threats to individual freedoms, political unrest among plebeians.

4. Treatment of Plebeians in Early Rome | Social hierarchy, lack of legal protections, oppression by ruling elites, resistance movements.

5. Governance of Rome’s Kings | Contributions to stability, military expansion, legal and social reforms, effectiveness in ruling.

6. Extended Response Topics | Evaluation of Rome’s early kings, effectiveness in governance, conflicts between the elite and common citizens, reasons for the transition from monarchy to republic.