History 1HI0/10 June 2023 | Edexcel GCSE Past Papers With Mark Scheme

Edexcel GCSE History (1HI0) Jul 2023

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1. Whitechapel policing challenges: overcrowded housing, high unemployment, widespread poverty, language barriers, fear of anarchists and socialists, ineffective patrol routes

2. Crime and punishment developments (c1000–present): shift from collective/community justice to centralized legal enforcement, decline of trial by ordeal, rise of state courts and police forces

3. Significant legal reforms: introduction of youth detention centers (1900–present), end of capital punishment for minor crimes, establishment of Metropolitan Police (1829), decline of Bloody Code

4. Local community role reduction: removal of tithings, increased role of watchmen and constables under state control, growth of formal police, trial by jury replacing ordeal

5. Whitechapel socialist movements: growth due to immigrant population, reaction to economic inequality, protest organization, increased police surveillance and tension

6. Robert Peel’s impact: foundation of modern police force, shift from retributive to preventative policing, long-term influence on British law enforcement structure and public trust