Biology 9700/12 May June 2012 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Structural distinctions between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, focusing on chromatin presence and cellular size range.
2. Enzyme specificity and biochemical testing, including Benedict’s and Biuret, for detecting macromolecules in plant extracts.
3. Mechanisms of passive and active membrane transport, roles of cholesterol in fluidity regulation, and water potential-driven osmosis in plant cells.
4. Glycosidic bonding patterns in polysaccharides, such as glycogen, amylose, and amylopectin, with emphasis on glucose polymers.
5. Cell cycle events, transcription requirements, and translation processes, including tRNA structure and codon-anticodon pairing.
6. Factors influencing vascular functions in plants, including Casparian strips, xylem tension, and phloem transport dynamics.
7. Cardiovascular pressures during cardiac cycles, stroke volume relationships, and tobacco-induced blood pressure effects.
8. Immune responses to dead bacteria, antibody production phases, and vaccination impacts on diseases like cholera and measles.
9. Trophic levels in food webs, energy loss in ecosystems, and decomposer roles in nitrogen cycle processes.