Cambridge Progression Test Stage 8 Science 2020 Paper 1

1. Biology: respiratory system structure and movement (diaphragm, rib cage), breathing rate investigation (variables, data presentation), protein function, food composition (energy calculation, water content), extinction evidence from fossils, analogy for solution concentration.
2. Chemistry: atomic structure (lithium, sodium), electron attraction by nucleus, chemical formula for sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), chromatography ink separation and analysis, energy changes in reactions (exo/endothermic), substance reactivity (inert).
3. Physics: reflection and refraction diagrams, light dispersion (prism, rainbow), magnetic field lines, electromagnet enhancement (turns, current), average speed calculation (distance/time), distance-time graph interpretation (resting point).
4. Earth and space: telescope development, asteroid belt discovery, asteroid vs planet criteria, modern telescope advantages, Solar System evolution timeline.
5. Scientific method: fair testing in temperature-volume gas experiment (balloon expansion), concentration analogy with children in a room, prediction based on particle motion and temperature increase, investigation planning and graph interpretation.