Biology 9700/11 Oct Nov 2015 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Structural and functional differences between 70S and 80S ribosomes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

2. Processes absent in mature red blood cells, such as cell division and transcription.

3. Biological roles of microvilli and root hairs, including surface area enhancement and light microscopy resolution.

4. Energy changes in enzyme-catalyzed reactions, focusing on reduction in activation energy and substrate-product transformation.

5. Mechanisms of water movement in leaves, osmotic effects in phloem, and transpiration rate influenced by stomatal adaptations.

6. Hemoglobin's oxygen affinity regulation by 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3BPG) and factors shifting the oxygen dissociation curve.

7. Antibiotic resistance trends in bacterial populations, experimental validation of susceptibility through zone of inhibition data.

8. Immune system roles of macrophages in phagocytosis, cytokine secretion, and inflammation site accumulation.

9. Photosynthetic energy transfer efficiency in food chains, with calculations of available energy percentages for herbivores.

10. Nitrate fertilization effects on crop yield via enhanced protein synthesis and reduced nitrogen cycle limitations.