Biology 9700/31 Oct Nov 2016 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Serial dilution preparation for reducing sugar solutions, experimental design for Benedict's test, and analysis of color change to determine reaction rates.
2. Comparison of reducing sugar concentration in milk samples (M1 and M2), standardizing experimental conditions, and suitability analysis for lactose-intolerant individuals.
3. Measurement of hydrogen concentration in exhaled air over time in individuals unable to digest lactose, with data visualization through graph plotting.
4. Anatomical drawing and labeling of transverse sections of animal organs, focusing on lumen and tissue proportions.
5. Observation and comparison of plant leaf structures in transverse sections, with emphasis on epidermis and underlying tissues.
6. Calibration of microscope field of view, measurement of midrib depth using scaled calculations, and method refinement for increased accuracy using specialized equipment.