Biology 9700/12 May June 2023 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Utilization of graticules and micrometer scales in microscopy to measure biological structures.

2. Organelle functions in eukaryotic cells, focusing on glycoprotein synthesis and ATP production.

3. Biochemical tests for macromolecules, including Benedict's test and emulsion test for carbohydrates and lipids.

4. Chromosomal structure during prophase, emphasizing DNA-histone interactions and chromatid formation.

5. Osmosis effects on plant cells investigated using sucrose solutions, analyzing water potential changes and vacuole behavior.

6. Genetic code universality, mRNA structure, and translation processes involving codons, anticodons, and ribosomes.

7. Features of xerophytes and adaptations in grass leaves for arid environments, including sunken stomata and cuticle thickness.

8. Blood gas exchange mechanisms, focusing on oxygen and CO₂ transport and the role of red blood cells.