Biology 9700/35 Oct Nov 2023 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Investigation of osmotic effects on potato tissue in varying sodium chloride concentrations, measuring tissue bending angles to estimate unknown solution concentrations.

2. Use of proportional dilution to prepare solutions and standardize experimental conditions to ensure reliable results.

3. Study of plasmolysis in vegetable tissues exposed to hypertonic sodium chloride solutions, with observations linked to intrinsic tissue properties.

4. Structural comparison of plant stems using transverse sections, emphasizing vascular bundle organization and cellular differences.

5. Measurement of stem and central region diameters, with calculations of areas and ratio analysis to determine anatomical proportions.

6. Recommendations for procedural improvements to enhance the precision and accuracy of concentration estimates and structural analysis.