Chemistry 9701,23 Oct Nov 2024 | Cambridge AS - A Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Equilibria & pH Calculations | Buffer Solutions & Acid-Base Interactions – Determining buffer system components, calculating pH of solutions, and understanding acid dissociation constants.

2. Reaction Kinetics & Rate Determination | Investigating Order of Reaction – Analyzing reaction rate data, plotting concentration vs. time graphs, and using half-life methods to determine reaction order.

3. Redox Chemistry & Electrochemical Cells | Standard Electrode Potentials & Cell Voltage – Calculating E° values, predicting feasibility of redox reactions, and constructing balanced ionic equations.

4. Organic Synthesis & Functional Group Interconversions | Identifying Reaction Mechanisms – Understanding nucleophilic substitution, electrophilic addition, and oxidation-reduction pathways.

5. Thermodynamics & Gibbs Free Energy | Entropy and Enthalpy Changes – Applying ΔG = ΔH - TΔS equation, interpreting spontaneity of reactions, and predicting solubility trends.

6. Spectroscopy & Structural Determination | IR, Mass, and NMR Spectral Analysis – Assigning peaks in IR spectra, identifying molecular fragments in mass spectrometry, and analyzing chemical environments in NMR spectra.