History 1HI0/P1 June 2019 | Edexcel GCSE Past Papers With Mark Scheme

Edexcel GCSE History (1HI0) Jun 2019

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1. Encomienda system consequences: exploitation of Indigenous labor, forced Christianization, population decline due to overwork and disease, foundational structure of colonial economy

2. Columbus’s 1492 voyage milestones: San Salvador landing, Taino interactions, shipwreck of Santa Maria leading to La Navidad settlement, symbolic beginning of Spanish empire in the Americas

3. Panama (1519) significance: strategic Pacific gateway, staging post for Andean conquests, consolidation of Spanish presence in Central America, launchpad for Pizarro’s expeditions

4. Cortés as Governor-General: centralization of power in Mexico, enforcement of encomienda, suppression of native uprisings, establishment of Spanish colonial institutions

5. Bolivian silver discovery (e.g., Potosí): surge in Spanish wealth, funding of European wars, expansion of transatlantic trade networks, intensified Indigenous labor through mita system

6. Spanish imperialism themes: militarized expansion, exploitation of resources and people, missionary justification, administrative centralization, long-term demographic and cultural transformation