History 1HI0/P1 November 2020 | Edexcel GCSE Past Papers With Mark Scheme

Edexcel GCSE History (1HI0) Nov 2020

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1. Catholic missionary work consequences: mass conversion of Indigenous populations, integration of Christianity into colonial rule, suppression of native religions, increased Spanish cultural dominance

2. Magellan’s voyage key events: Spanish sponsorship by Charles I, Atlantic crossing, Strait of Magellan discovery, Pacific navigation, Philippines encounter and Magellan’s death, first circumnavigation completion

3. House of Trade importance: regulated colonial trade, ensured taxation and customs control, restricted foreign access, centralized imperial economic oversight

4. Tlaxcalan-Aztec conflict importance: Tlaxcalan alliance with Cortés, provided critical native manpower and intelligence, weakened Aztec resistance, strategic shift in power dynamics

5. Atahuallpa-Huascar civil war impact: Inca Empire destabilization, military exhaustion, facilitated Pizarro’s conquest with limited Spanish forces, political fragmentation and leadership crisis

6. Spanish conquest strategies: alliances with discontented natives, exploitation of internal rivalries, use of advanced weaponry, disease outbreaks weakening indigenous resistance