History 1HIA/P4 June 2022 | Edexcel GCSE Past Papers With Mark Scheme

Edexcel GCSE History (1HI0) Jul 2022

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1. Gorbachev’s ‘new thinking’ consequences: reduced Soviet control over Eastern Europe, end of Brezhnev Doctrine, accelerated Cold War thaw, withdrawal from Afghanistan, collapse of Warsaw Pact

2. Cold War Berlin crisis narrative 1958–63: Khrushchev’s ultimatum, Vienna Summit failure, Berlin Wall construction 1961, Kennedy’s response, prevented war but deepened division

3. Marshall Plan 1947 importance: US economic aid to rebuild Europe, containment of communism, Soviet creation of Cominform and Comecon, increased East-West divide

4. Arms race 1949–58: Soviet atomic bomb 1949, US hydrogen bomb 1952, USSR H-bomb 1953, ICBM development, military tension escalation, deterrence doctrine formation

5. Carter Doctrine 1980: US commitment to protect Persian Gulf, response to Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, return to Cold War hostility, support for Mujahideen

6. Core focus: Cold War crises, ideological rivalry, nuclear arms development, superpower diplomacy, economic and military influence, global Cold War hotspots