Biology 9700/41 Oct Nov 2011 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Evolution of Ethiopian wolf via allopatric speciation due to geographic isolation and low heterozygosity linked to inbreeding within small packs.

2. Immobilized enzyme dipstick for glucose detection using glucose oxidase and peroxidase; color changes semi-quantitatively indicating glucose concentration.

3. Gametogenesis differences: continuous spermatogenesis in men vs. cyclic oogenesis in women, endocrine regulation via FSH, LH, and testosterone.

4. Deepwater rice adaptation through SK1 and SK2 snorkel genes enhancing internode elongation; ethene-induced gibberellin production promoting stem growth.

5. Gene therapy for Leber’s congenital amaurosis using adenoviral vectors; safety and efficiency in restoring vision assessed via small clinical trials.

6. Glycolysis pathway steps from glucose to pyruvate, energy investment, substrate-level phosphorylation, and anaerobic fermentation in yeast producing ethanol.

7. Genetic engineering in insulin production via E. coli using restriction enzymes, ligases, plasmid vectors, and selection of transformed colonies.

8. Asthma pathophysiology involving bronchial inflammation, mucus secretion, and muscle contraction; genetic predisposition linked to ESE3 mutation increasing airway collagen.