Biology 9700/23 Oct Nov 2013 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Antibody structure, immune response stages, and the challenges of eradicating malaria through vaccination.
2. Nitrogen fixation in legumes and the pathway from nitrogen to animal protein.
3. Roles of ribosomes in protein synthesis and the prevalence of mRNA relative to tRNA.
4. Stages of mitosis, including nuclear diameter calculations and advantages of light microscopy.
5. Blood flow pathways in the heart and lung efficiency adaptations for gas exchange.
6. Cellulose structural and functional roles in plant cell walls and digestion studies in herbivores.
7. Translocation of sucrose in phloem sieve tubes and enzyme-catalyzed reaction mechanisms.