Classical Civilisation J199,21 November 2021 , OCR GCSE Past Papers with Mark Schemes

1. Mycenaean Architecture and Society | Strategic location and uses of Mycenaean palaces, significance of burial sites in understanding Mycenaean customs, craftsmanship in metalwork, evaluation of warfare evidence from city designs vs. artifacts.

2. Mycenaean Art and Daily Life | Clothing styles of Mycenaean women, materials used for textiles, interpretation of Mycenaean sculptures in cultural context, burial customs and tomb construction, artistic representation of elite status.

3. Heroism and Mythological Identity | Role of Mycenaean heroes in cultural narratives, evidence of military and social hierarchy, connection between craftsmanship and wealth, analysis of frescoes as a primary source for Mycenaean life.

4. Odysseus’ Leadership and Strategy | Role of bards in entertainment, Homeric portrayal of Odysseus, epic poetry techniques in the Odyssey, narrative function of Antinous’ death, reactions of the Suitors and themes of justice.

5. Loyalty and Retribution in the Odyssey | Importance of Odysseus’ slaves, characterization of Eumaeus and Philoetius, moral contrasts between the loyal and disloyal, role of divine will in retribution against the Suitors.

6. Heroic Ideals in Homeric Epics | Debate on Odysseus’ heroism in Books 19, 21, and 22, modern appeal of Books 9 and 10, Homeric storytelling devices, ethical dilemmas in Greek heroism, justice vs. vengeance in Homeric tradition.