History 1HI0/P2 June 2023 | Edexcel GCSE Past Papers With Mark Scheme

Edexcel GCSE History (1HI0) Jul 2023

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1. Enlightenment consequences: spread of rational political thought, questioning of British authority, support for independence ideals, growth of print culture in colonies

2. American War of Independence narrative 1775–81: Lexington and Concord outbreak, Second Continental Congress forming Continental Army, Declaration of Independence 1776, Battle of Saratoga 1777 bringing French support, Yorktown 1781 surrender ending main conflict

3. Immigration importance: labor supply for agriculture and trade, religious and ethnic diversity, new settlements development, economic and cultural transformation of colonial society

4. Atlantic trade triangle significance: profitable slave-based economy, raw materials export to Britain, British goods to Africa, economic interdependence fostering merchant elite

5. Sugar Act 1764 impact: new duties on sugar and molasses imports, stricter enforcement of trade laws, colonial resentment over taxation without representation, early resistance fueling revolutionary sentiment

6. Assessment focus: cause-consequence explanation, narrative linking of key events, economic and social development, evaluation of colonial-British tensions in imperial context